Everyone who has taken a first year chemistry class has learned that significant digits (aka “significant figures” or “sig figs”) indicate the precision of a measurement. The basic rule is that you save all measurement digits you are certain about plus one more that you estimate. Unfortunately, computers don’t know anything about significant digits. Developers creating data systems for scientific measurements should always include a rounding step as part of any data output. Not embracing significant digits can have … uhm … “significant” consequences.
Continue readingTag: data management
Ten UNIX commands every data manager should know
Working with data from varied sources can be frustrating — some data will be in CSV format; some in XML; some available as HTML pages; other data as relational databases or MS Excel spreadsheets.
This post will cover the UNIX tools that every data manager needs to be familiar with in order to work with varied data sources.
Continue readingData Structures – Tabular vs. Relational
With enough effort it is possible to fit a square peg into a round hole. But we have all learned — sometimes more than once — that it is much easier if peg and hole have the same shape.
Continue readingData volumes
Despite what they say, size does matter.
Successful data management is all about finding the proper tools and formats for dealing with your data. There is no one-size-fits-all solution. The very first question you should be asking yourself is: “How much data are we talking about?”
Continue readingOptimizing Data Access – Know your Hardware
The Library of Congress has a lot of information — hundreds of millions of pages of books and manuscripts. But no one has ever suggested that we store all of that information in a single, billion-page book. Instead, individual books are stored on shelves in stacks in rooms according to an organized system. Managing large datasets is just the same: data should exist in manageable sized files stored in hierarchically organized directories. Unfortunately, many people working with large datasets try to do just the opposite. This post describes how converting thirty 200Gb files into three million 200Kb files reduced data access times from several hours to under a second.
Continue readingData Management Questionnaire
Sometimes merely filling out a questionnaire can cause you to think about problems in a new way. When asked to answer a question that has never occurred to you before, you may find yourself reevaluating some of your core assumptions — assumptions you may not have known you had. That is the power of asking questions. Our data management questionnaire poses questions in 12 categories that will help you figure out what you need, what you want, and perhaps give you a hint of how to get there.
Continue readingStandard Country Names
What’s in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet.
Ahhh love. Juliet speaks lovely poetry but we learn, as the story unfolds, that names and the identification they impart are in fact extremely important. This is no less true in data management where country names are anything but standardized.
Continue readingZero vs. Missing
On the left we have zero, our integer measure of nothingness. On the right we have missing value, aka N/A, aka NA, our signal that the value of a datapoint is unknown. Everyone who deals with data has to deal with this important distinction. And far too often people get it wrong.
Continue readingData producers vs. data consumers
In the marketplace, the needs of producers and consumers are often at odds: producers want higher prices, consumers lower ones; producers want easy assembly, consumers easy dis-assembly; producers want flexibility and rapid prototyping, consumers reliability and long-term support.
The same competing needs exist in the world of scientific data management where producers of data and consumers of data often operate in very different worlds with very different sets of tools.
Continue readingStandard Latitudes and Longitudes
What? Where? When?
These are key questions that every scientist or other collector of environmental data must answer.
- What is the value of the thing we are measuring?
- Where are we taking the measurement?
- When are we taking the measurement?
In a previous post we discussed how to standardize “when”. But what about “where”?
Continue reading